ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS – MCQs

SET 1

1. When did Vasco-da-Gama reach the port of Calicut?
   a) 1495
   b) 1498
   c) 1505
   d) 1510
2. Who was the ruler of Calicut during Vasco-da-Gama’s arrival in 1498?
   a) Alfonso de Albuquerque
   b) Francisco de Almeida
   c) Zamorin
   d) San Thome
3. Which settlements were established by the Portuguese along the West coast of India?
   a) Daman, Salsette, Chaul, and Bombay
   b) Goa, Madras, and Hooghly
   c) Pulicat, Chinsura, and Kasimbazar
   d) Surat, Karaikal, and Naga pattanam
4. Who was the second Governor of India, capturing Goa in 1510?
   a) Francisco de Almeida
   b) Vasco-da-Gama
   c) Alfonso de Albuquerque
   d) Zamorin
5. When was the Dutch East India Company formed?
   a) 1509
   b) 1602
   c) 1759
   d) 1605
6. Where did the Dutch set up their first factory in 1605?
   a) Pulicat
   b) Masulipatnam
   c) Chinsura
   d) Surat
7. What event led to the Dutch gaining control over Indonesia and the British over India, Sri Lanka, and Malaya?
   a) Battle of Bedara
   b) Vasco-da-Gama’s arrival
   c) Formation of Dutch East India Company
   d) Alfonso de Albuquerque’s capture of Goa
8. Which settlements were established by the Dutch in India?
   a) Pulicat, Chinsura, and Kasimbazar
   b) Goa, Bombay, and Surat
   c) Masulipatnam, Naga pattanam, and Cochin
   d) Patna, Balasore, and Karaikal

Answers

1. b) 1498
2. c) Zamorin
3. a) Daman, Salsette, Chaul, and Bombay
4. c) Alfonso de Albuquerque
5. b) 1602
6. b) Masulipatnam
7. a) Battle of Bedara
8. a) Pulicat, Chinsura, and Kasimbazar

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS – Questions- SET 2

1. When was the English East India Company formed?
   a) 1590
   b) 1599
   c) 1600
   d) 1605
2. Who granted a farman to Captain William Hawkins, permitting the English to erect a factory at Surat in 1613?
   a) Akbar
   b) Jahangir
   c) Shah Jahan
   d) Aurangzeb
3. Who succeeded in obtaining an imperial farman in 1615 to trade and establish factories in all parts of the Mughal Empire?
   a) Sir Thomas Roe
   b) Captain Munro
   c) John Surman
   d) Job Charnock
4. In 1690, which English representative established a factory at Suttanati?
   a) Sir Thomas Roe
   b) John Surman
   c) Captain William Hawkins
   d) Job Charnock
5. When was the city of Calcutta founded following the acquisition of zamindari of three villages?
   a) 1698
   b) 1700
   c) 1717
   d) 1757
6. Which document, obtained by John Surman in 1717, is referred to as the Magna Carta of the English East India Company?
   a) Royal Charter
   b) Imperial Farman
   c) Treaty of Surat
   d) Farrukhsiyar’s Edict
7. In the Battle of Plassey (1757), who did the English defeat?
   a) Mir Qasim
   b) Shujauddaula
   c) Sirajuddaula, the nawab of Bengal
   d) Shah Alam II
8. Who defeated the joint forces of Mir Qasim (Bengal), Shujauddaula (Awadh), and Shah Alam II (Mughal) in the Battle of Buxar (1764)?
   a) Captain William Hawkins
   b) Sir Thomas Roe
   c) Captain Munro
   d) John Surman

Answers

1. b) 1599
2. b) Jahangir
3. a) Sir Thomas Roe
4. d) Job Charnock
5. a) 1698
6. c) John Surman
7. c) Sirajuddaula, the nawab of Bengal
8. c) Captain Munro

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS – Questions- SET 3

1. When was the Danish East India Company formed?
   a) 1600
   b) 1616
   c) 1664
   d) 1668
2. Where was the Danish colony ‘Tranquebar’ established on the Indian coast?
   a) Northern Coromandel
   b) Eastern Coromandel
   c) Western Coromandel
   d) Southern Coromandel
3. Which settlements were sold by the Danish to the English in 1845?
   a) Tranquebar and Surat
   b) Serampur and Tranquebar
   c) Tranquebar and Masulipatnam
   d) Serampur and Masulipatnam
4. When was the French East India Company formed under state patronage?
   a) 1600
   b) 1616
   c) 1664
   d) 1668
5. Who established the first French factory at Surat in 1668?
   a) Colbert
   b) Francois Caron
   c) Tranquebar
   d) Masulipatnam
6. Where was the French factory set up in 1669?
   a) Surat
   b) Masulipatnam
   c) Tranquebar
   d) Bengal
7. In which battle were the French defeated by the English in 1760?
   a) Battle of Plassey
   b) Battle of Buxar
   c) Battle of Wandiwash
   d) Battle of Panipat

Answers

1. b) 1616
2. d) Southern Coromandel
3. b) Serampur and Tranquebar
4. c) 1664
5. b) Francois Caron
6. b) Masulipatnam
7. c) Battle of Wandiwash

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS – Questions- SET 4

1. Who was the first European to arrive in India, marking the beginning of Portuguese rule?
   a) Vasco da Gama
   b) Pedro Alvares Cabral
   c) Francis de Almeida
   d) Ferdinand Magellan
2. In what year did Vasco da Gama discover a new sea route from Europe to India?
   a) 1492
   b) 1498
   c) 1500
   d) 1502
3. Which route did Vasco da Gama take to reach India in 1498?
   a) Northern route via Arctic
   b) Southern route via the Cape of Good Hope
   c) Eastern route through Asia
   d) Western route via the Atlantic
4. Who was the Hindu ruler of Calicut who welcomed Vasco da Gama in 1498?
   a) Akbar
   b) Zamorin
   c) Jahangir
   d) Shivaji
5. In which year did Pedro Alvares Cabral arrive in India, following Vasco da Gama?
   a) 1498
   b) 1500
   c) 1502
   d) 1505
6. Which Portuguese explorer made a second trip to India in c. 1502 CE?
   a) Francis de Almeida
   b) Pedro Alvares Cabral
   c) Ferdinand Magellan
   d) Vasco da Gama
7. Where did the Portuguese establish trading settlements in India?
   a) Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur
   b) Calicut, Cochin, and Cannanore
   c) Surat, Bombay, and Ahmedabad
   d) Madras, Pondicherry, and Masulipatnam
8. Who was the first governor of the Portuguese in India?
   a) Vasco da Gama
   b) Pedro Alvares Cabral
   c) Francis de Almeida
   d) Ferdinand Magellan

Answers

1. a) Vasco da Gama
2. b) 1498
3. b) Southern route via the Cape of Good Hope
4. b) Zamorin
5. b) 1500
6. d) Vasco da Gama
7. b) Calicut, Cochin, and Cannanore
8. c) Francis de Almeida

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS – Questions- SET 5

1. Who was made the governor of Portuguese territories in India in c. 1509 CE?
   a) Vasco da Gama
   b) Pedro Alvares Cabral
   c) Afonso de Albuquerque
   d) Francis de Almeida
2. In which year did Afonso de Albuquerque capture Goa from the ruler of Bijapur?
   a) 1505
   b) 1509
   c) 1510
   d) 1515
3. After capturing Goa, what became the capital of Portuguese settlements in India?
   a) Calicut
   b) Cochin
   c) Goa
   d) Cannanore
4. What territories did the Portuguese dominate along the Asian coast under Afonso de Albuquerque?
   a) From Bombay to Madras
   b) From Hormuz to Malacca
   c) From Calicut to Cochin
   d) From Delhi to Agra
5. At the time of Afonso de Albuquerque’s death, what was the Portuguese position in India?
   a) Weakest naval power
   b) Strongest naval power
   c) Insignificant naval power
   d) Moderate naval power
6. In c. 1530 CE, which Portuguese commander captured Diu and Bassein from Bahadur Shah of Gujarat?
   a) Nino da Cunha
   b) Vasco da Gama
   c) Pedro Alvares Cabral
   d) Francis de Almeida
7. Where did the Portuguese establish settlements on the west coast?
   a) Salsette, Daman, and Bombay
   b) Cochin, Cannanore, and Calicut
   c) Madras, San Thome, and Hugli
   d) Malacca, Hormuz, and Indonesia
8. By the end of the 16th century, what territories did the Portuguese retain in India?
   a) Daman, Diu, and Goa
   b) Salsette, Bombay, and Madras
   c) Cochin, Cannanore, and Calicut
   d) Malacca, Hormuz, and Indonesia

Answers

1. c) Afonso de Albuquerque
2. c) 1510
3. c) Goa
4. b) From Hormuz to Malacca
5. b) Strongest naval power
6. a) Nino da Cunha
7. a) Salsette, Daman, and Bombay
8. a) Daman, Diu, and Goa

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS – Questions- SET 6

1. What was one of the contributions of the Portuguese to India?
   a) Introduction of tea cultivation
   b) Establishment of the first printing press
   c) Introduction of cotton cultivation
   d) Establishment of the first university
2. When was the first printing press established by the Portuguese in Goa?
   a) 1498 CE
   b) 1556 CE
   c) 1563 CE
   d) 1600 CE
3. When was the Dutch East India Company established?
   a) 1500 CE
   b) 1602 CE
   c) 1700 CE
   d) 1800 CE
4. Where did the Dutch set up their first factory in India?
   a) Surat
   b) Cochin
   c) Masulipatnam
   d) Nagapattinam
5. Which was the main center for the Dutch in India during the 17th century?
   a) Surat
   b) Pulicat
   c) Chinsura
   d) Ahmedabad
6. What replaced Pulicat as the main center for the Dutch in India?
   a) Surat
   b) Nagapattinam
   c) Agra
   d) Cambay
7. In the 17th century, the Dutch dislodged the Portuguese from which regions?
   a) Indian subcontinent
   b) Malay straits and Indonesian islands
   c) West Indies
   d) East Africa
8. Which European power did the Dutch defeat in the Battle of Bedara in c. 1759?
   a) Portuguese
   b) Spanish
   c) French
   d) English
9. What was the result of the Anglo-Dutch rivalry in the East during the 17th century?
   a) The Dutch lost their settlements to the British
   b) The British lost their settlements to the Dutch
   c) A diplomatic alliance was formed
   d) Both gained equal dominance
10. When did the Dutch East India Company face defeat by the English in the Battle of Bedara?
    a) c. 1500 CE
    b) c. 1623 CE
    c) c. 1700 CE
    d) c. 1759 CE

Answers

1. b) Establishment of the first printing press
2. b) 1556 CE
3. b) 1602 CE
4. c) Masulipatnam
5. b) Pulicat
6. b) Nagapattinam
7. b) Malay straits and Indonesian islands
8. d) English
9. a) The Dutch lost their settlements to the British
10. d) c. 1759 CE

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS – Questions- SET 7

1. When was the English Association or Company to trade with the East formed?
   a) 1600 CE
   b) 1609 CE
   c) 1612 CE
   d) 1619 CE
2. Under whose auspices was the English Association formed in c. 1599 CE?
   a) East India Company
   b) The Merchant Adventurers
   c) The Royal Charter
   d) Captain William Hawkins
3. When did Queen Elizabeth grant the exclusive privilege to trade in the East to the English Company?
   a) 1600 CE
   b) 1609 CE
   c) 1612 CE
   d) 1615 CE
4. Who arrived at the court of Mughal Emperor Jahangir in c. 1609 CE to seek permission for establishing a trading center at Surat?
   a) Sir Thomas Roe
   b) Captain William Hawkins
   c) James I
   d) The Merchant Adventurers
5. Why was the permission for establishing a trading center at Surat initially refused by Jahangir in c. 1609 CE?
   a) Lack of interest from the English
   b) Pressure from the Dutch
   c) Pressure from the Portuguese
   d) Political instability in the region
6. Who came to the Mughal court as the ambassador of James I in c. 1615 CE and obtained an Imperial farman for trade?
   a) Captain William Hawkins
   b) The Merchant Adventurers
   c) Sir Thomas Roe
   d) Queen Elizabeth
7. By c. 1619 CE, the English had established factories at which of the following places in India?
   a) Agra, Ahmedabad, Baroda, and Broach
   b) Surat, Calicut, Madras, and Cochin
   c) Delhi, Jaipur, Lucknow, and Patna
   d) Goa, Bombay, Daman, and Diu

Answers

1. a) 1600 CE
2. b) The Merchant Adventurers
3. a) 1600 CE
4. b) Captain William Hawkins
5. c) Pressure from the Portuguese
6. c) Sir Thomas Roe
7. a) Agra, Ahmedabad, Baroda, and Broach

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS – Questions- SET 8

1. Where did the English open their first factory in the south?
   a) Bombay
   b) Madras
   c) Calcutta
   d) Masulipatnam
2. Who obtained the site of Madras from the Raja of Chandragiri in c. 1639 CE?
   a) Job Charnock
   b) Charles II
   c) Francis Day
   d) Queen Elizabeth
3. What was built around the factory in Madras to protect it, known as Fort St. George?
   a) Fort William
   b) Fort Bombay
   c) Fort Calcutta
   d) Fort St. George
4. Which place replaced Masulipatnam as the headquarters of the English on the Coromandel coast?
   a) Calcutta
   b) Bombay
   c) Madras
   d) Delhi
5. When did the English East India Company acquire Bombay from Charles II?
   a) 1668 CE
   b) 1639 CE
   c) 1690 CE
   d) 1600 CE
6. Where was an English factory established by Job Charnock in c. 1690 CE?
   a) Bombay
   b) Calcutta
   c) Madras
   d) Masulipatnam
7. Which city later became the capital of British India, developing from the English factory at Sutanuti?
   a) Bombay
   b) Calcutta
   c) Madras
   d) Masulipatnam
8. What status did the British East India Company tend to acquire in India as it grew in power?
   a) Sovereign state
   b) Colonial outpost
   c) Trading post
   d) Military base

Answers

1. d) Masulipatnam
2. c) Francis Day
3. d) Fort St. George
4. c) Madras
5. a) 1668 CE
6. b) Calcutta
7. b) Calcutta
8. a) Sovereign state

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS – Questions- SET 9

1. When was the French East India Company founded?
   a) 1600 CE
   b) 1664 CE
   c) 1700 CE
   d) 1742 CE
2. Who established the first French factory at Surat in c. 1668 CE?
   a) Colbert
   b) Francis Caron
   c) Maracara
   d) Francois Martin
3. Which city, founded by Francois Martin in c. 1673 CE, became the headquarters of French possessions in India?
   a) Pondicherry
   b) Masulipatnam
   c) Surat
   d) Balasore
4. In c. 1690 CE, the French acquired Chandranagore near which city?
   a) Bombay
   b) Calcutta
   c) Madras
   d) Pondicherry
5. Who became the first governor of Pondicherry (Fort Louis) in c. 1673 CE?
   a) Colbert
   b) Francis Caron
   c) Maracara
   d) Francois Martin
6. Where did the French establish their factories among the given options?
   a) Bombay
   b) Mahe
   c) Calcutta
   d) Madras
7. Who became the French governor in India in c. 1742 CE, leading to the Anglo-French conflict during the Carnatic wars?
   a) Colbert
   b) Francis Caron
   c) Maracara
   d) Joseph François Dupleix

Answers

1. b) 1664 CE
2. b) Francis Caron
3. a) Pondicherry
4. b) Calcutta
5. d) Francois Martin
6. b) Mahe
7. d) Joseph François Dupleix

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS – Questions- SET 10

1. When did the First Anglo-Mysore War take place?
   a) 1701 – 1702 CE
   b) 1746 – 1748 CE
   c) 1767 – 1769 CE
   d) 1780 – 1784 CE
2. Who was the prominent figure leading the Mysore side in the First Anglo-Mysore War?
   a) Tipu Sultan
   b) Hyder Ali
   c) Nizam of Hyderabad
   d) Marathas
3. What alliance was formed against Hyder Ali during the war?
   a) Mysore and Marathas
   b) Mysore and Nizam of Hyderabad
   c) Mysore, Marathas, and English
   d) Marathas and Nizam of Hyderabad
4. How did Hyder Ali manage to end the war with the defeat of the British?
   a) Through military dominance
   b) Through diplomacy
   c) Through economic pressure
   d) Through internal conflicts
5. What was the outcome of the First Anglo-Mysore War as per the Treaty of Madras?
   a) British retained all their conquests
   b) Both sides restored each other’s conquests
   c) Mysore became a British colony
   d) Marathas gained significant territories

Answers

1. c) 1767 – 1769 CE
2. b) Hyder Ali
3. c) Mysore, Marathas, and English
4. b) Through diplomacy
5. b) Both sides restored each other’s conquests

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS – Questions- SET 11

1. When did the Second Anglo-Mysore War take place?
   a) 1701 – 1702 CE
   b) 1771 – 1776 CE
   c) 1780 – 1784 CE
   d) 1801 – 1805 CE
2. Why did Hyder Ali declare war on the English in c. 1780 CE?
   a) British attacked Mysore
   b) Marathas attacked Mysore
   c) English violated the Treaty of Madras
   d) Nizam of Hyderabad betrayed Mysore
3. Who divided the confederacy of Hyder Ali, the Nizam of Hyderabad, and the Marathas through diplomacy?
   a) Hyder Ali
   b) Tipu Sultan
   c) Lord Warren Hastings
   d) Eyre Coote
4. Which British official defeated Hyder Ali at Porto Novo in c. 1781 CE?
   a) Lord Warren Hastings
   b) Eyre Coote
   c) Lord Cornwallis
   d) Lord Wellesley
5. How did the Second Anglo-Mysore War end?
   a) British retained all their conquests
   b) Mysore became a British colony
   c) Treaty of Mangalore, restoring mutual conquests
   d) Hyder Ali conquered British territories

Answers

1. c) 1780 – 1784 CE
2. c) English violated the Treaty of Madras
3. c) Lord Warren Hastings
4. b) Eyre Coote
5. c) Treaty of Mangalore, restoring mutual conquests

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS – Questions- SET 12

1. When did the Third Anglo-Mysore War take place?
   a) 1701 – 1702 CE
   b) 1771 – 1776 CE
   c) 1780 – 1784 CE
   d) 1790 – 1792 CE
2. Who succeeded in isolating Tipu Sultan through shrewd diplomacy during the Third Anglo-Mysore War?
   a) Hyder Ali
   b) Tipu Sultan
   c) Lord Cornwallis
   d) Warren Hastings
3. Which territories did Tipu Sultan lose according to the Treaty of Seringapatam?
   a) Coimbatore and Madurai
   b) Malabar, Coorg, Dindugal, Baramahal
   c) Mysuru and Bangalore
   d) Hyderabad and Gulbarga
4. How much war indemnity did Tipu Sultan have to pay according to the Treaty of Seringapatam?
   a) 1 crore rupees
   b) 2 crore rupees
   c) 3 crore rupees
   d) 5 crore rupees
5. What did Tipu Sultan have to surrender as hostages to the English according to the Treaty of Seringapatam?
   a) His ministers
   b) His brothers
   c) Two of his sons
   d) His prime minister

Answers

1. d) 1790 – 1792 CE
2. c) Lord Cornwallis
3. b) Malabar, Coorg, Dindugal, Baramahal
4. c) 3 crore rupees
5. c) Two of his sons

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS – Questions- SET 13

1. Who was the Governor General during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War?
   a) Lord Cornwallis
   b) Lord Wellesley
   c) Warren Hastings
   d) Lord Dalhousie
2. What did Lord Wellesley try to persuade Tipu Sultan to accept before the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War?
   a) An alliance against the Marathas
   b) A treaty of mutual cooperation
   c) A pact of subsidiary alliance
   d) A trade agreement
3. Which army invaded Mysore from the west during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War?
   a) Madras army
   b) Bengal army
   c) Bombay army
   d) Maratha army
4. Who led the Madras army during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War?
   a) Lord Wellesley
   b) General Stuart
   c) Arthur Wellesley
   d) Lord Cornwallis
5. What happened to Tipu Sultan during the battle in Srirangapattanam?
   a) He surrendered
   b) He died
   c) He escaped
   d) He was captured

Answers

1. b) Lord Wellesley
2. c) A pact of subsidiary alliance
3. c) Bombay army
4. c) Arthur Wellesley
5. b) He died

ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS – Questions- SET 14

1. Who succeeded Madhava Rao as the Maratha Peshwa in c. 1772 CE?
   a) Narayan Rao
   b) Raghunath Rao
   c) Nana Phadnavis
   d) Mahadaji Scindia
2. What happened to Narayan Rao, the successor to Madhava Rao, and who declared himself as the next Peshwa?
   a) Murdered by Raghunath Rao; Nana Phadnavis
   b) Abdicated; Mahadaji Scindia
   c) Died in battle; Raghunath Rao
   d) Exiled; Madhav Rao Ⅱ
3. Who were the Maratha leaders that disregarded Raghunath Rao’s claim to Peshwaship and appointed Madhava Rao Narayana as the Peshwa?
   a) Nana Phadnavis
   b) Raghunath Rao
   c) Mahadaji Scindia
   d) Warren Hastings
4. In c. 1775 CE, what treaty did Raghunath Rao conclude with the British authorities in Bombay, and what territories did he agree to hand over to the British?
   a) Treaty of Purander; Salsette and Bassein
   b) Treaty of Salbai; Gwalior
   c) Treaty of Surat; Salsette and Bassein
   d) Treaty of Talegaon; Mumbai
5. Describe the outcome of the Battle at Talegaon, which took place around c. 1776 CE.
   a) British victory
   b) Maratha victory
   c) Stalemate
   d) Treaty signing
6. What was the significance of the Treaty of Purander (c. 1776 CE) for the Marathas, and how did it impact Nana Phadnavis’ position?
   a) Marathas lost territory; Nana’s downfall
   b) Marathas gained advantage; Nana’s elevation
   c) British gained advantage; Nana’s downfall
   d) Stalemate; Nana’s exile
7. In c. 1781 CE, who dispatched British troops under the command of Captain Popham, and what was their objective?
   a) Nana Phadnavis; territorial expansion
   b) Warren Hastings; territorial expansion
   c) Raghunath Rao; peace treaty
   d) Mahadaji Scindia; revenge
8. In the battles of c. 1781 CE, who did Captain Popham defeat, and which important city did they capture?
   a) Nana Phadnavis; Pune
   b) Raghunath Rao; Mumbai
   c) Mahadaji Scindia; Gwalior
   d) Narayan Rao; Delhi
9. When was the Treaty of Salbai signed, and who were the signatories of the treaty?
   a) c. 1775 CE; Nana Phadnavis and Warren Hastings
   b) c. 1782 CE; Mahadaji Scindia and Raghunath Rao
   c) c. 1776 CE; Madhav Rao Ⅱ and Captain Popham
   d) c. 1781 CE; Nana Phadnavis and Mahadaji Scindia
10. What were the terms of the Treaty of Salbai, and how did it affect the political situation in the Maratha Empire?
    a) Peshwa pensioned off; Madhav Rao Ⅱ accepted; 20 years of peace; British pressure on Mysore
    b) British pensioned off; Raghunath Rao accepted; 20 years of peace; Maratha pressure on Mysore
    c) Marathas pensioned off; Warren Hastings accepted; 10 years of peace; British pressure on Hyderabad
    d) Peshwa pensioned off; Narayan Rao accepted; 30 years of peace; British pressure on Bengal
11. What role did the Treaty of Salbai play in enabling the British to exert pressure on Mysore in collaboration with the Marathas?
    a) Marathas supported Mysore; British pressure failed
    b) Marathas supported British; Mysore defeated
    c) Marathas and British against Mysore; territorial gains for both
    d) Marathas and British against Hyderabad; Mysore unaffected

Answers

1. a) Narayan Rao
2. a) Murdered by Raghunath Rao; Nana Phadnavis
3. a) Nana Phadnavis
4. c) Treaty of Surat; Salsette and Bassein
5. b) Maratha victory
6. b) Marathas gained advantage; Nana’s elevation
7. b) Warren Hastings; territorial expansion
8. c) Mahadaji Scindia; Gwalior
9. b) c. 1782 CE; Mahadaji Scindia and Raghunath Rao
10. a) Peshwa pensioned off; Madhav Rao Ⅱ accepted; 20 years of peace; British pressure on Mysore
11. c) Marathas and British against Mysore; territorial gains for both